The act creating the county left naming it to the citizens, so no legal record exists telling the derivation of the name. For this reason, after The Civil War it became popular to attribute the name to commercial steamship inventor Robert Fulton. Records indicate, however, the county is named for Hamiton Fulton, the state engineer that made the first survey of the Cherokee Nation between Chattanooga and present-day Atlanta. Stephen Long, who began building the Western and Atlantic Railroad in 1837 used much of Fulton's observations to plan a general route for the original railbed.