Cenozoic Era
Age of Mammals
(66 million years ago - Present)
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Quaternary Period
(2 million years ago - Present)
Recent discoveries of Archaic Indian remains along Yellow Creek in northeast Cherokee County have pushed the date of earliest inhabatation of north Georgia back to 9,500 B.C.
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Holocene Epoch
The Age of Man
(11,000 years ago - Present)
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Pleistocene Epoch
(1.8 million - 11,000 years ago)
First forests begin to grow on the north Georgia mountains.
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Tertiary Period
(66 - 1.8 million years ago)
As oceans recede, Georgia's coastal plain is exposed. |
Neogene
(23 - 1.8 million years ago)
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Pliocene Epoch
(5 - 1.8 million years ago)
Eroosion creates the Georgia piedmont
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Miocene Epoch
(23 - 5 million years ago)
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Paleogene
(66 - 23 million years ago)
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Oligocene Epoch
(37 - 23 million years ago)
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Eocene Epoch
(58 - 37 million years ago)
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Paleocene Epoch
(66 - 58 million years ago)
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Destruction of the Dinosaurs 66-65 million years ago.
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Mesozoic
The Age of Dinosaurs
(250 - 66 million years ago)
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Cretaceous
(135 - 66 million years ago)
First mammal, bird and insect groups appear.
Sand from the Appalachian mountains begins to form Georgia's coastal plain |
Jurassic
(205 - 135 million years ago)
Large dinosaurs roam the earth. Named for the Jura Mountains between France and Switzerland
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Triassic
(250 - 205 million years ago)
Earliest dinosaurs appear.
Creation of Lookout Mountain and rock croppings in the Stone Mountain area.
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Paleozoic
(570 - 250 million years ago)
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Permian
(290 - 250 million years ago)
Erosion in North Georgia destroyed all evidence of this period |
Carboniferous
(365 - 290 million years ago)
Large swamps characterized this period, especially in North Georgia. They eventually became coal fields (Dade County).
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Pennsylvanian
(310 - 290 million years ago) |
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Mississippian
(365 - 310 million years ago)
Appalachian Mountains undergo a third episode of mountain building (Allegheny Orogeny) . Formation of Stone Mountain completes
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Devonian
(400 - 365 million years ago)
Stone Mountain begins forming.
Appalachians were undergoing a second episode of mountain building (the Acadian Orogeny) |
Silurian
(425 - 400 million years ago)
North Georgia mountains erode into a vast inland sea covering much of north Georgia.
brachiopods, cephalopods, crinoids, and trilobites form fossil evidence |
Ordovician
(500 - 425 million years ago)
Shallow marine environments. Fiirst of three episodes in the formation of the Appalachians |
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Cambrian
(544 - 500 million years ago)
Rock formations near Clark's Hill
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Vendian
(650 million - 544 million years ago)
First evidence of life.
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Precambrian
(Beginning of earth - 650 million years ago)
Creation of the Cohutta Mountains and some areas of the Southern Appalachians |